Marrakesh's Medina, established by the Almoravids in the late 11th century, has long been a center of political, economic, and cultural influence across North Africa and Andalusia. Its well-preserved architecture reflects centuries of history, from the Koutoubia Mosque and Kasbah to the Saadian Tombs and Ben Youssef Madrasa. The city's fortified walls and monumental gates frame a labyrinth of souks, historic residences, and lively squares, with Jamaâ El Fna offering a dynamic scene of storytellers, musicians, and traditional vendors.