Mkungunero Game Reserve spans about 743 km² in Tanzania and was first declared a Game Controlled Area in 1974 before being officially gazetted as a Game Reserve in 1996. It sits at the junction of three districts—Kondoa, Kiteto and Simanjiro—and forms part of the larger Tarangire-Manyara Ecosystem, serving as a wet-season refuge and migration corridor for ungulates like zebra and wildebeest moving out of Tarangire National Park. Among its wildlife are both greater and lesser kudu, gerenuk, oryx, and large herds of eland, buffalo, and giraffe, with birdlife including secretary bird, kori bustard, ostrich and vulturine guinea fowl. Vegetation ranges from Acacia floodplain and open savanna to thickets and shrub laden woodlands, set against a landscape of floodplains, eroded valleys and the Oldonyokirwa hill (1,310 m), which offers sweeping views over the Maasai plains.